Type 1 diabetes is different to its more common counterpart, type 2 diabetes. While the major symptoms of diabetes are similar for both types, it is important to recognise the specific symptoms of type 1 diabetes, as well as general diabetes symptoms.
The 4Ts – Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
Some of the most noticeable and common symptoms of type 1 diabetes include:
- Excessive thirst
- Unusually high levels of urination
- Feeling tired all the time
- Loss of muscular bulk and unexplained weight loss
Other symptoms that may accompany these include:
- Itchiness around the penis or vagina
- Blurring of vision caused by dryness of the eyes
- Unexpected cramping
- Skin infections
Emergency Diabetes Symptoms
Seek urgent medical attention if diabetes symptoms combine with any of the following:
- A serious loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- A temperature
- Pains in the stomach
- A fruity, chemical smell on the breath, often likened to pear drops or nail varnish
These symptoms may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a dangerous condition that can be life-threatening without immediate treatment. Around one in four people diagnosed with type 1 diabetes are suffering from ketoacidosis at diagnosis. Recognising the main symptoms early can help prevent DKA.
How Long Does It Take to Develop Type 1 Symptoms?
In children and young adults, type 1 diabetes symptoms tend to develop quickly over a few days or weeks. Adults may develop a slower form called LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood), which can sometimes be misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes. It is important to seek a diagnosis promptly if you notice symptoms.
Can a Blood Glucose Meter Help Diagnose Type 1 Diabetes?
A blood glucose meter can indicate whether you or a family member may have diabetes. While not essential, it can be useful in families with a history of type 1 diabetes or autoimmune conditions. A blood glucose result taken two hours after eating of over 7.8 mmol/l could indicate diabetes. If high readings occur consistently, contact your GP for diagnosis.
Devices used to draw blood from fingers should not be shared to prevent the risk of blood-borne illnesses.
Managing Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes requires insulin, delivered either by injections or an insulin pump, which provides a constant supply. Regular blood glucose testing is essential to ensure levels are not too low or too high. When insulin treatment starts, you should begin to feel better and blood glucose levels will stabilise.
Over time, high glucose levels can damage the heart, eyes, feet, and kidneys. These are known as the complications of diabetes. With proper treatment and care, the long-term effects can be managed effectively.
What Is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is a serious, lifelong condition where the body cannot produce insulin, causing blood glucose levels to rise. It is not related to diet or lifestyle. The body attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, preventing glucose from entering the cells and leading to high blood sugar levels.
Signs and Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
Before diagnosis, the body tries to remove excess glucose through the kidneys, leading to frequent urination. Symptoms appear quickly, over days or weeks. Anyone noticing these symptoms should see a doctor promptly to avoid complications.